Особенности зимней эксплуатации автомобильного аккумулятора

25.08.2017 53 Comment(s)

Исполнение стартерных аккумуляторных батарей - общеклиматическое, допускающее их круглогодичную эксплуатацию в широком диапазоне метаморфозы температуры окружающего воздуха.

Температура в подкапотном пространстве машины в существенной мере дополняется теплом от мотора, выдающимся при его работе.

Предельные значения температуры окружающего воздуха (от ?40°C до 60°C для АКБ, герметизированных мастикой, и от ?40°C до 70°C для АКБ с всеобщей крышкой) обусловлены для работы автомобильных аккумуляторов по условиям сохранения их как изделий (крепкость материалов).
Но долгое влияние предельных температур содействует снижению работоспособности и ресурса стартерной батареи.
Особенно круто падает работоспособность АКБ в режиме пуска мотора в зимнее (холодное) время.

Зимняя эксплуатация АКБ сопровождается следующими факторами:

1. Понижается температура электролита (повышается его вязкость, падает скорость его диффузии в поры активного материала пластин, уменьшается электропроводность) и по этой причине падает производительность зарядного процесса от генератора при тех же величинах зарядного напряжения на автомобиле.

2. Запуск холодного мотора требует большей мощности от батареи за счет увеличения значений разрядного электричества и более продолжительной работы стартера, что приводит к более глубокому ее разряду и снижению уровня заряда.

3. Увеличивается число включенных в работу приборов электрической энергии как для удобства в салоне, так и для безвредного движения, питание которых происходит от генератора, а при холостых циклах мотора - от АКБ.

4. Сокращение длительности светового дня вызывает надобность более продолжительной работы приборов освещения, что снижает вероятность генератора для высокоэффективной подзарядки аккумуляторной батареи.

5. Ухудшение дорожных условий приводит к снижению динамики движения авто, что сокращает отдачу энергии генератором.
Это, в свою очередь, уменьшает вероятность полного заряда аккумуляторной батареи.

Воздействие перечисленных факторов на снижение заряда усиливается в гораздо большей мере, если генератор машины по причинам истирания элементов не обеспечивает отдачу номинальных показателей.
Обладатель авто, как правило, после многолетней эксплуатации не проводит проверку генератора на отдачу и, в итоге, в зимнее время оказывается перед фактом наполовину разряженной батареи, не способной запустить мотор.

Метаморфозы температуры и высокая влажность окружающего воздуха под капотом в зимнее время содействуют ухудшению работы изделий электрооборудования, на происхождение «утрат» по влажным проводам, содействующих возрастанию разряда батареи.
При этом падает ее работоспособность в пусковом режиме.

Для устранения отрицательных последствий зимних условий на состояние уровня заряда аккумуляторной батареи пригодно проводить следующие мероприятия:

 контролировать натяжение ремня генератора, при котором обеспечивается более полная отдача энергии для питания включенных приборов и подзаряд АКБ;

- не допускать долгую работу включенных приборов на автомобиле при неработающем моторе;

- периодически контролировать неимение «утраты» электричества от АКБ на разные изделия электрооборудования.
Если данные хранения (стоянки) авто разрешают отключать аккумуляторную батарею, то это рационально делать при долгом бездействии (снимать 1 наконечник);

 - «массовый» провод от АКБ пригодно добавочно подсоединить к мотору с целью уменьшения потерь напряжения на стартере при пуске мотора, от того что переходы напряжения от клеммы на кузов, с кузова на мотор и стартер при пусковом токе приводят к его снижению, а также к потере мощности, потребляемой от АКБ;

- периодически контролировать плотность электролита (при наличии пробок на крышке АКБ), а при отсутствии такой вероятности - измерять напряжение на полюсных клеммах батареи через 8-10 часов после остановки мотора.
Если значение напряжения разомкнутой цепи (НРЦ) будет менее 12,6 В, то аккумуляторную батарею уместно подзарядить.

Выполнение перечисленных мероприятий в зимних ситуациях разрешит исключить отказы в работе стартерных АКБ, сберечь их ресурс на долгий срок работы.

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