Электрическая емкость и резервная емкость автомобильного аккумулятора

25.08.2017 55 Comment(s)

Электрическая емкость АКБ

Величина электрической емкости характеризует число тока, которое АКБ способна отдать во внешнюю электрическую цепь при заданном (обыкновенно довольно долгом) режиме разряда. Для стартерных АКБ требованиями ГОСТ 959-2002 предусмотрены 2 главных режима, предуготовленных для определения электрической емкости: номинальная емкость ирезервная емкость.

Номинальной емкостью называют емкость АКБ, на которую рассчитан аккумулятор и которая указывается производителем в названии аккумуляторной батареи и составе маркировочных данных на этикетке либо корпусе.

Величина номинальной емкости определяется при 20-часовом режиме разряда, то есть при постоянном разрядке током, равным по величине 0,05С20 (0,05 от значения емкости, указанной изготовителем в названии аккумуляторной батареи) при температуре 250С. Скажем, для АКБ типа 6СТ-55АЗ электричество разряда будет равен 2,75А, а для аккумуляторной батареи 6СТ-75АЗ - 3,75А. При определении номинальной емкости разряд прекращается при достижении на выходах 12-вольтовой аккумуляторной батареи величины напряжения, равной 10,5В.

Резервная емкость АКБ

Резервная емкость характеризует величину времени в минутах, которое понадобится для разряда всякий аккумуляторной батареи (независимо от величины ее емкости) током 25А до финального напряжения 10,5В при температуре 25+20С. Величина разрядного электричества 25А при определении резервной емкости выбрана не нечаянно. По данным разработчиков систем электрооборудования автомашин, именно такая минимальная величина электричества должна потребляться электрооборудованием современного кара для обеспечения его неопасного движения. Следовательно, получается, что величина резервной емкости показывает, сколько времени сумеет продолжать преедвигаться авто, применяя лишь электрическую энергию АКБ в случае выхода из строя генератора машины, при условии, что на момент отказа генератора была целиком заряжена.

Для аккумуляторной батареи 6СТ-55АЗ величина номинальной резервной емкости, рассчитанная по формуле проекта МЭК, составляет 88 минут, а для аккумуляторной батареи 6СТ-75АЗ - 128 минут.

Величина емкости аккумуляторной батареи, используемой на всем автомобиле, рассчитана из условий обеспечения позитивного энергобаланса при работе в заданном цикле работы электрооборудования. При относительно крупный доле времени работы мотора в режиме холостого хода в сочетании с малыми величинами суточного пробега, которые являются классическими для городского режима эксплуатации авто, АКБ в темное время суток помогает генератору обеспечивать питание покупателей, нужных для неопасного функционирования всех систем авто. Если емкость аккумуляторной батареи будет неудовлетворительной, глубина её разряда может составить свыше 40-60%, что приведет к снижению работоспособности аккумуляторной батареи в режиме стартерного пуска мотора. А повторяющиеся планомерно большие разряды АКБ неминуемо приводят к сокращению её источника. Следственно, выбирая батарею вместо изношенной, никогда не приобретайте батарею, емкость которой будет поменьше, чем указано в технической документации вашего машины.

Очень зачастую при выборе новой аккумуляторной батареи задают вопрос: «Дозволено ли использовать АКБ с емкостью большей, чем была ранее, либо большей, чем указана в документации на кар? Совладает ли генератор с зарядом такой аккумуляторной батареи?»

Абсолютно, совладает при выполнении одного основного данные - исправной (штатной) работе электрооборудования вашего авто. На пуск исправного мотора необходимо примерно идентичное число тока (1-3 попытки по 5-10 с), которое составляет не свыше 4% от номинальной емкости штатной АКБ. Значит, если вы поставили батарею меньшей емкости, глубина ее разряда будет больше, чем у штатной аккумуляторной батареи, и генератор без труда совладает с зарядом вашей новой аккумуляторной батареи приблизительно за 3-4 минуты постоянного заряда при движении авто со средней скоростью порядка 50-60 км/ч независимо от величины ее емкости. При этом следует рассматривать, что существенное увеличение емкости аккумуляторной батареи в сопоставлении со штатной может привести к ускоренному износу щеток и контактной поверхности контактных колец стартера в итоге свыше высокого разрядного напряжения.

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